Interested in going wild camping in Europe? Then you need to know where you can do it, and where it is best avoided.
Wild camping in Europe can be an amazing experience – offering you a great sense of freedom and fun. There’s nothing quite like the joy of finding a perfect secret camping spot, and spending the night there for free.
However, wild camping is not always tolerated, and you could end up with a hefty fine if you aren’t careful.
In this wild camping guide, we’ll break down wild camping in Europe in detail, outlining wild camping rules in each country.
Can You Go Wild Camping in Europe?
Yes, you can go wild camping in Europe, but it’s important to be aware of the laws and regulations in each country.
While wild camping is legal and widely accepted in some European countries like Sweden, Norway, and Finland, it may be prohibited or restricted in others like England, Germany, and Switzerland.
In general, wild camping is often allowed on state-owned land, but it’s crucial to respect private property and protected areas. Researching the specific rules and obtaining any necessary permits beforehand can ensure a safe and enjoyable wild camping experience in Europe.
Where Can You Go Wild Camping in Europe?
Interested in going wild camping in Europe? Here are the most popular wild camping destinations in Europe.
Wild Camping in Spain
Spain offers a diverse landscape, from stunning coastlines to rugged mountains. Wild camping here is generally allowed and possible. However, wild camping here presents some challenges.
Much of the land is privately owned, limiting options for campers. The inland terrain also often consists of rocky ground, making it difficult to find suitable camping spots. Even if you do find a patch of land without rocks, it might be covered in thorny vegetation, further complicating matters.
On a brighter note, Spain does provide designated areas where caravans can stay overnight, offering an alternative for those seeking outdoor adventures.
Wild Camping in Sweden
Sweden is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts, with vast forests, serene lakes, and picturesque mountains. The right to camp freely in nature is deeply ingrained in Swedish culture, and the country’s laws reflect this attitude.
Wild camping is not only legal but also encouraged. You can pitch a tent almost anywhere outside of towns for up to two days, allowing you to immerse yourself in Sweden’s breathtaking wilderness.
While campfires are generally prohibited, the opportunity to experience Sweden’s natural beauty without the constraints of formal campsites is a fair trade-off for most adventurers.
Wild Camping in Norway
Norway’s dramatic landscapes, including majestic fjords, towering mountains, and remote islands, beckon outdoor enthusiasts seeking adventure.
Fortunately, Norway’s Allemannsretten, or “everyman’s right,” grants everyone the right to access and enjoy the country’s natural beauty. This includes the freedom to camp in most unenclosed areas for a night or two.
From the tranquil shores of Langøyene island near Oslo to the rugged wilderness of the Lofoten islands within the Arctic Circle, Norway offers countless opportunities for unforgettable camping experiences beneath the midnight sun.
Wild Camping in Denmark
Denmark’s charming countryside and picturesque coastline make it an appealing destination for camping enthusiasts. However, camping regulations in Denmark differ from those in its Nordic neighbors.
While wild camping with a caravan may result in penalties, camping is permitted in designated forests across the country. Additionally, campers should be mindful of restrictions on camping in tourist areas, particularly beaches, to avoid incurring fines.
Despite these regulations, Denmark’s natural beauty remains accessible to those who seek it, with numerous approved camping areas providing opportunities for outdoor adventure.
Wild Camping in Poland
Poland’s stunning landscapes, including the Tatra Mountains and the Białowieża Forest, offer abundant opportunities for outdoor adventure. Unlike some European countries, Poland has relatively lenient wild camping regulations.
In recent years, the government has published a publicly available map highlighting areas where camping is officially tolerated, allowing campers to explore the country’s wilderness responsibly.
While wild camping is generally permitted, campers should be considerate of the environment and minimize their impact on natural habitats. Seeking permission from local landowners, such as farmers, is also a courteous practice that can enhance the camping experience.
Wild Camping in Scotland
Scotland’s rugged landscapes, including misty mountains, tranquil lochs, and windswept coastlines, offer a haven for wild campers seeking solitude and natural beauty.
Under the Scottish Outdoor Access Code, wild camping is permitted on most unenclosed land, allowing campers to immerse themselves in Scotland’s stunning wilderness responsibly.
However, campers must adhere to guidelines aimed at protecting the environment and respecting the rights of landowners. By following these principles, campers can enjoy the freedom of wild camping while preserving Scotland’s natural treasures for future generations.
Check out our complete guide to wild camping Scotland for more details.
Wild Camping in Romania
Romania’s diverse landscapes, ranging from the Carpathian Mountains to the Danube Delta, provide ample opportunities for outdoor adventures, including wild camping. Unlike some European countries where camping regulations are stringent, Romania generally welcomes campers to enjoy its natural beauty.
Whether in remote nature reserves or rural areas, campers can often pitch their tents without issue, though it’s advisable to seek permission when camping on private land as a courtesy to landowners.
With its hospitable locals and breathtaking scenery, Romania offers an unforgettable experience for wild campers eager to explore its untamed wilderness.
Wild Camping Laws in Europe
To fully understand the situation around wild camping in Europe, let’s break down each country’s stance on the topic.
Albania.
In Albania, wild camping is not only allowed but also widely accepted. However, campers should avoid pitching tents in national parks, natural reserves, near state buildings, or on private properties.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Austria
Wild camping is not permitted in Austria. However, campers can engage in planned bivouacking for one night in unprotected forests, provided they steer clear of prohibited areas such as national parks and reserves.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Belgium
Wild camping is illegal in Belgium, and the scarcity of natural areas further limits camping options. Campers may find designated campsites as alternatives.
We do not recommend wild camping in this area.
Bosnia & Herzegovina
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, wild camping is legal with minimal regulations. However, campers should exercise caution regarding landmines, avoiding areas marked with warning signs.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Bulgaria
While not officially permitted, wild camping is widely tolerated in Bulgaria, particularly for short-term stays. Extended camping in one spot might lead to issues, although it’s common practice among locals, especially along the Black Sea coast.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Croatia
Wild camping is prohibited in Croatia, especially in tourist areas, national parks, and beaches. Campers risk fines, but some discreet camping options, such as using hammocks or sleeping bags, may provide alternatives.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Czech Republic
Similar to Austria, wild camping is restricted in the Czech Republic, with tents not allowed but bivouacking permitted for one night. Camping on private land requires landowner permission, although police might overlook this with consent.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Cyprus
Wild camping in Cyprus is legal, except in protected areas. Campers should be cautious with campfires, adhering to regulations, especially during hot months to prevent environmental harm.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Denmark
Denmark offers limited wild camping options, with camping permitted in specific public forests or primitive campsites. Caravans or motorized vehicles may face restrictions, but camping on forest floors or at designated sites is allowed.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
England
Wild camping is generally not allowed in England, except in Dartmoor. Campers should avoid wild camping in other areas and consider alternatives such as designated campsites.
We do not recommend wild camping in this area.
Germany
While wild camping is restricted, some areas in Germany offer regulated options for overnight stays. Designated sites in regions like the Eifel, Schleswig-Holstein, Pfalz Forest, and Black Forest provide legal alternatives for camping enthusiasts.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Greece
Officially not allowed but tolerated in some regions, wild camping in Greece requires discretion. Avoiding tourist areas, roads, and beaches may mitigate risks, with campers advised to respect local regulations and environmental concerns.
Hungary
Wild camping in Hungary is restricted, particularly in national parks. However, campers may pitch tents in unprotected nature areas for a maximum of 24 hours, although fire bans are common and should be observed.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Iceland
While wild camping is not illegal in Iceland, it’s not recommended due to restrictions on camping in private or developed areas. Campers may face challenges navigating regulations and obtaining permissions, making wild camping less feasible.
We do not recommend wild camping in this area.
Ireland
Wild camping is generally not allowed in Ireland, although campers may find tolerant spots in remote areas. However, caution is advised, as legal ambiguity and enforcement may vary.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Italy
Wild camping regulations in Italy vary by region, with single-night stays generally tolerated but prolonged camping subject to stricter enforcement. Campers should research local laws and exercise discretion to avoid issues.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Kosovo
While not officially regulated, wild camping in Kosovo is generally accepted, offering campers numerous opportunities to explore the country’s natural beauty. However, campers should practice caution and respect local customs.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Latvia
Wild camping in Latvia is legal in many areas but restricted in national parks, private property, and sensitive ecosystems. Campers should adhere to regulations and show respect for nature to ensure a positive experience.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Lithuania
Similar to Latvia, wild camping in Lithuania is generally permitted with some restrictions. Campers should be mindful of local regulations and avoid sensitive habitats to minimize impact on the environment.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Luxembourg
Wild camping is illegal in Luxembourg, and strict enforcement is in place. Campers should seek alternative accommodations, as camping in unauthorized areas may result in fines.
We do not recommend wild camping in this area.
Malta
Wild camping in Malta is prohibited, with limited tolerance for such activities. While some may attempt it discreetly, campers risk fines and should consider alternative accommodations.
We do not recommend wild camping in this area.
Macedonia
Wild camping in Macedonia is not officially forbidden, with widespread tolerance for such activities. Campers should exercise caution and respect local regulations to avoid issues.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Montenegro
While officially not allowed, wild camping in Montenegro is often tolerated in certain areas. Campers should avoid national parks and tourist spots and be mindful of local regulations.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Netherlands
Wild camping is illegal in the Netherlands, with limited opportunities for such activities due to the country’s dense population and lack of wilderness areas. Campers should seek alternative accommodations.
We do not recommend wild camping in this area.
Portugal
Wild camping is illegal in Portugal, although campers may attempt it during low seasons with caution. However, enforcement may vary, and campers should be prepared for potential fines.
We do not recommend wild camping in this area.
Slovakia
Wild camping is allowed in Slovakia, but campers should avoid national parks and protected areas. Respect for the environment and local regulations is essential to ensure a positive experience.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Slovenia
Officially not allowed, wild camping in Slovenia may be tolerated outside national parks and protected areas. Campers should exercise discretion and respect local regulations to avoid issues.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Switzerland
While wild camping is generally not allowed in inhabited areas and forests, campers may find local exceptions. Discretion and respect for the environment are crucial, with minimal impact to avoid hefty fines.
Turkey
Wild camping in Turkey is legal, with few restrictions on such activities. However, campers should choose camp spots carefully and respect local customs and regulations.
We recommend wild camping in this area.
Eastern Europe
Most countries in Eastern Europe have minimal regulations regarding wild camping, with exceptions in national parks. Campers should practice discretion and respect local customs and regulations to ensure a positive experience.
We recommend wild camping in certain areas and at your own risk.
Romania
While technically not allowed, wild camping in Romania is widely tolerated, offering campers ample opportunities to explore the country’s natural beauty. However, campers should exercise caution and respect local customs.
How is Wild Camping Different From Regular Camping?
Wild camping involves setting up a tent and camping out on public land, in the wild. Regular camping is done in a designated campsite.
Wild camping is like going off-grid, setting up camp in remote areas away from designated sites, and embracing nature with minimal gear and amenities. It’s all about self-sufficiency and immersing oneself in the wilderness, following Leave No Trace principles and often adhering to varying regulations.
Regular camping, on the other hand, involves staying in established campgrounds with facilities like picnic tables, fire pits, and restrooms, offering more comfort and convenience, especially for families and those seeking a social camping experience.
What Should You Take When Wild Camping in Europe?
When wild camping in Europe, it’s essential to pack light but efficiently. Here’s a basic list of items to bring:
- Tent or Shelter: A lightweight tent, bivvy bag, or hammock for shelter from the elements. Make sure you choose the right tent for discreet wild camping.
- Sleeping Gear: Sleeping bag and sleeping pad for insulation and comfort.
- Cooking Equipment: Portable stove or camping stove, fuel, cookware, utensils, and food supplies.
- Water and Filtration: Sufficient water bottles or hydration system, plus a water filtration or purification method to ensure safe drinking water.
- Clothing: Weather-appropriate clothing, including layers, a waterproof jacket, hiking boots, and extra socks.
- Navigation: Map, compass, or GPS device to navigate unfamiliar terrain.
- First Aid Kit: Basic first aid supplies for treating minor injuries and ailments.
- Lighting: Headlamp or flashlight with spare batteries for visibility at night.
- Multi-tool or Knife: Handy for various tasks such as food preparation and gear repair.
- Personal Items: Toilet paper, hygiene products, sunscreen, insect repellent, and any necessary medications.
- Trash Bags: Leave No Trace by packing out all trash and waste.
Remember to research the specific regulations and requirements of the area you plan to camp in, and always prioritize safety and environmental responsibility while enjoying the wilderness.
Conclusion
Before going wild camping in Europe, make sure that you understand the specific rules and regulations of each country. Camp respectfully, respect the environment, and you should have an amazing time.
Of course, each wild camping scenario is different, and you need to trust your gut when finding places to wild camp. If it doesn’t feel right, then it’s best to avoid the risk and book a night at a dedicated campsite.